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c. 17th century

Bon Book Cover with Interior Painted Carvings of Shrines and Charms

Artist/maker unknown

Image 1 of 31 / 3

This colorful object is half of a Bon book cover. The Bon religion predates Buddhism, but after the seventh century Buddhism heavily influenced this ancient Himalayan faith. A number of ritual items appear on the cover. The two magical knots (one formed by men, the other by horses) are used to protect people and animals from evil influences such as illness and accident. The geometric figure in center right, labeled cham-ris, suggests a demon-catching thread cross. The gate and three buildings signify actual structures that demarcate and protect village boundaries while the diagram (center left) outlines an idealized sacred space.

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Artist/maker unknown, Bon Book Cover with Interior Painted Carvings of Shrines and Charms, c. 17th century | Philadelphia Art Museum