c. 1840-1860

Berlin Wool Work Picture

In the nineteenth century, the widespread deterioration of needlework skills encouraged the proliferation of easy-to-execute embroideries, such as Berlin wool works. Their designs, which were originally published in Berlin, were copied by hand from paper patterns onto open mesh canvas or linen, and sewn by counting stitches. This picture’s surface was achieved with plush stitches, formed by looping the wool on the linen foundation and then securing them with a cross stitch. While visually impressive, Berlin work was considered a superficial needlework skill. One contemporary writer remarked, “Twenty can do . . . Berlin work for every one who can make a shirt.”